期刊
PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS
卷 62, 期 3, 页码 405-496出版社
AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.002451
关键词
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资金
- National Institutes of Health National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NS065371, NS036654, NS068464, NS036604]
- National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health [MH066892]
- National Institutes of Health National Eye Institute [EY01697905]
- National Institutes of Health National Institute of Child Health & Human Development
- National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences [T32-GM008602]
- National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse [T32-DA01504006]
- National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [T32-ES012870]
- Michael J. Fox Foundation
- Lundbeck Foundation
- Villum Kann Rasmussen Foundation
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [ZIAHD001205] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE [R01EY016979] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES [T32ES012870] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [T32GM008602] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R01MH066892] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS065371, R01NS036654, R01NS068464, R01NS036604, R37NS036654] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
The mammalian ionotropic glutamate receptor family encodes 18 gene products that coassemble to form ligand-gated ion channels containing an agonist recognition site, a transmembrane ion permeation pathway, and gating elements that couple agonist-induced conformational changes to the opening or closing of the permeation pore. Glutamate receptors mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and are localized on neuronal and non-neuronal cells. These receptors regulate a broad spectrum of processes in the brain, spinal cord, retina, and peripheral nervous system. Glutamate receptors are postulated to play important roles in numerous neurological diseases and have attracted intense scrutiny. The description of glutamate receptor structure, including its transmembrane elements, reveals a complex assembly of multiple semiautonomous extracellular domains linked to a pore-forming element with striking resemblance to an inverted potassium channel. In this review we discuss International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology glutamate receptor nomenclature, structure, assembly, accessory subunits, interacting proteins, gene expression and translation, post-translational modifications, agonist and antagonist pharmacology, allosteric modulation, mechanisms of gating and permeation, roles in normal physiological function, as well as the potential therapeutic use of pharmacological agents acting at glutamate receptors.
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