ACE2, angiotensin-(1-7), and Mas: the other side of the coin

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has recently been extended by the addition of a novel axis consisting of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the heptapeptide angiotensin (1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), and the G protein-coupled receptor Mas. ACE2 converts the vasoconstrictive and pro-oxidative peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) into Ang-(1-7) which exerts vasodilatory and antioxidative effects via its receptor Mas. Thereby, ACE2 regulates the local actions of the RAS in cardiovascular tissues and the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis exerts protective actions in hypertension, diabetes, and other cardiovascular disorders. Consequently, this novel RAS axis represents a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.