Numerical Simulation of SAGD Recovery Process in Presence of Shale Barriers, Thief Zones, and Fracture System

This study presents a numerical investigation for evaluating the potential applicability of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) recovery process under complex reservoir conditions such as shale barriers, thief zones with bottom and/or top water layers, overlying gas cap, and fracture systems in the McMurray and Clearwater formation. The simulation results indicated that the near-well regions were very sensitive to shale layers, and only long, continuous shale barriers (larger than 50 m or 25%) affect the SAGD performance in these well regions. In addition, the thief zones had a strongly detrimental effect on SAGD. The results also showed that the SAGD recovery process was enhanced in the presence of vertical fractures but horizontal fractures were harmful to recovery. Fracture spacing is not an important parameter in the performance of a steam process in fractured reservoirs and extending horizontal fractures will reduce ultimate oil recovery in the SAGD process. This article provides a guideline for SAGD operations in complex geological reservoirs.