Moyamoya Disease in Early Infancy: Case Report and Literature Review

Moyamoya disease is a progressive, occlusive, cerebrovascular arteriopathy, characterized by bilateral stenosis of the distal internal carotid arteries or branches, with the development of compensatory collateral vessels. It is infrequently reported during infancy. We describe a 2-month-old boy presenting with stroke secondary to moyamoya disease, successfully treated with revascularization surgery at age 3 months. To our knowledge, this report represents the youngest such patient. This case and a review of the literature regarding moyamoya disease during infancy suggest that these patients are at significant risk for further ischemic events and respond well to prompt revascularization surgery. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.