期刊
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
卷 32, 期 5, 页码 501-508出版社
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0b013e31827fb19d
关键词
HIV; children; antiretroviral therapy; neurodevelopment; resource-limited settings
资金
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health through the Comprehensive International Program of Research on AIDS Network [U19 AI53741]
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- National Institute of Mental Health
- ViiV Health Care/GlaxoSmithKline
- Boehringer-Ingelheim
- Merck
- Abbott
- Roche
- National Research University Project of CHE [HR1161A]
- Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund, Thailand
- Professional Researcher Strengthen Grant from the National Science and Technology Development Agency, BIOTEC
- Senior Researcher Scholar from Thai Research Fund, Thailand
Background: We previously reported similar AIDS-free survival at 3 years in children who were >1 year old initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and randomized to early versus deferred ART in the Pediatric Randomized to Early versus Deferred Initiation in Cambodia and Thailand (PREDICT) study. We now report neurodevelopmental outcomes. Methods: Two hundred eighty-four HIV-infected Thai and Cambodian children aged 1-12 years with CD4 counts between 15% and 24% and no AIDS-defining illness were randomized to initiate ART at enrollment (early, n = 139) or when CD4 count became <15% or a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) category C event developed (deferred, n = 145). All underwent age-appropriate neurodevelopment testing including Beery Visual Motor Integration, Purdue Pegboard, Color Trails and Child Behavioral Checklist. Thai children (n = 170) also completed Wechsler Intelligence Scale (intelligence quotient) and Stanford Binet Memory test. We compared week 144 measures by randomized group and to HIV-uninfected children (n = 319). Results: At week 144, the median age was 9 years and 69 (48%) of the deferred arm children had initiated ART. The early arm had a higher CD4 (33% versus 24%, P < 0.001) and a greater percentage of children with viral suppression (91% versus 40%, P < 0.001). Neurodevelopmental scores did not differ by arm, and there were no differences in changes between arms across repeated assessments in time-varying multivariate models. HIV-infected children performed worse than uninfected children on intelligence quotient, Beery Visual Motor Integration, Binet memory and Child Behavioral Checklist. Conclusions: In HIV-infected children surviving beyond 1 year of age without ART, neurodevelopmental outcomes were similar with ART initiation at CD4 15%-24% versus <15%, but both groups performed worse than HIV-uninfected children. The window of opportunity for a positive effect of ART initiation on neurodevelopment may remain in infancy.
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