Endemic of zoonotic sporotrichosis - Profile of cases in children

Background: Sporotrichosis in childhood is rare in most countries. Isolated cases and small outbreaks related to recreational activities or without identification of the transmission mechanism have been reported. Methods: Series of case reports. The isolation of Sporothrix schenckii from exudates or fragments of lesions obtained from the patients was used as the criterion of inclusion in the study. Results: A total of 81 cases of sporotrichosis in children younger than 15 years of age were diagnosed at the Evandro Chagas Research Institute, Fiocruz, Brazil, between 1998 and 2004. These cases are part of the endemic disease occurring in Rio de Janeiro related to contact with domestic cats. There was a predominance of girls in the 10-14 year age group. The most frequent clinical form was the cutaneouslymphatic form located on the upper limbs. Itraconazole was used as the first-choice treatment. Sixty-six patients were cured, 9 were lost to follow-up, and 6 had spontaneous regression of the lesions. Conclusions: This is the largest series of childhood sporotrichosis with zoonotic transmission. The clinical presentation of sporotrichosis in children followed the same pattern of the disease in adults in this ongoing endemic.