期刊
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
卷 60, 期 -, 页码 227-240出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2015.08.018
关键词
Battery electric vehicles; Public charging stations; Deployment plan; Tour-based network equilibrium; Recharging
资金
- U.S. National Science Foundation [CNS-1239364]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [71228101, 71501107]
- Lloyd's Register Foundation (LRF)
- Division Of Computer and Network Systems
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr [1239364] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
This paper explores how to optimally locate public charging stations for electric vehicles on a road network, considering drivers' spontaneous adjustments and interactions of travel and recharging decisions. The proposed approach captures the interdependency of different trips conducted by the same driver by examining the complete tour of the driver. Given the limited driving range and recharging needs of battery electric vehicles, drivers of electric vehicles are assumed to simultaneously determine tour paths and recharging plans to minimize their travel and recharging time while guaranteeing not running out of charge before completing their tours. Moreover, different initial states of charge of batteries and risk-taking attitudes of drivers toward the uncertainty of energy consumption are considered. The resulting multi-class network equilibrium flow pattern is described by a mathematical program, which is solved by an iterative procedure. Based on the proposed equilibrium framework, the charging station location problem is then formulated as a bi-level mathematical program and solved by a genetic-algorithm-based procedure. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the models and provide insights on public charging infrastructure deployment and behaviors of electric vehicles. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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