期刊
PEDIATRIC BLOOD & CANCER
卷 61, 期 5, 页码 803-809出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24911
关键词
acute lymphoblastic leukemia; childhood; low-middle income countries
资金
- International Outreach Program (St. Jude Children Research Hospital, Memphis)
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Toronto, Canada)
- Tettamanti Foundation (Monza, Italy)
- Zegna Foundation (Monza, Italy)
BackgroundFive Asociacion de Hemato-Oncologia de Centroamerica (AHOPCA) countries have used an adapted BFM-based protocol for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ProcedureIn the AHOPCA-ALL 2008 protocol, patients were stratified by age, white blood cell count, immunophenotype, central nervous system involvement, day 8 prednisone response, and morphologic bone marrow response to induction therapy. Patients at Standard Risk (SR) received a three-drug induction regimen, a reinduction phase, and maintenance with protracted intrathecal therapy. Those at Intermediate (IR) and High Risk (HR) received, in addition, daunorubicin during induction therapy, a consolidation phase and two or three reinduction phases respectively. ResultsFrom August 2008 through July 2012, 1,313 patients were enrolled: 353 in SR, 548 in IR, 412 in HR. During induction therapy, 3.0% of patients died, 2.7% abandoned treatment, 1.1% had resistant ALL, and 93.2% achieved morphological complete remission (CR). Deaths and abandonment in first CR occurred in 2.7% and in 7.0% of patients, respectively. The relapse rate at a median observation time of 2.1 years was 15.0%. At 3 years, the event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS), with abandonment considered as an event, were 59.4% (SE 1.7) and 68.2% (SE 1.6). Three-year EFS was 68.5% (SE 3.0), 62.1% (SE 2.6), and 47.8% (SE 3.2) for SR, IR, and HR groups. Adolescents had a significantly higher relapse rate (P=0.001). ConclusionsThis experience shows that common international studies are feasible in lower-middle income countries. Toxic deaths, abandonment of treatment, and relapses remain major obstacles to the successful treatment. Alternative treatment strategies may be beneficial. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:803-809. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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