Development and psychometric validation of a scale to assess information needs in cardiac rehabilitation: The INCR Tool

Objective: To develop and psychometrically validate a tool to assess information needs in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) patients. Methods: After a literature search, 60 information items divided into 11 areas of needs were identified. To establish content validity, they were reviewed by an expert panel (N = 10). Refined items were pilot-tested in 34 patients on a 5-point Likert-scale from I really not helpful to 5 very important. A final version was generated and psychometrically tested in 203 CR patients. Test-retest reliability was assessed via the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha, and criterion validity was assessed with regard to patient's education and duration in CR. Results: Five items were excluded after ICC analysis as well as one area of needs. All 10 areas were considered internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7). Criterion validity was supported by significant differences in mean scores by educational level (p <0.05) and duration in CR (p < 0.001). The mean total score was 4.08 +/- 0.53. Patients rated safety as their greatest information need. Conclusion: The INCR Tool was demonstrated to have good reliability and validity. Practice implications: This is an appropriate tool for application in clinical and research settings, assessing patients' needs during CR and as part of education programming. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.