期刊
PATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
卷 61, 期 9, 页码 528-535出版社
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02695.x
关键词
age-related macular degeneration (AMD); chemokine; choroidal neovascularization; M1 macrophage; M2 macrophage
类别
资金
- NEI
Macrophages can be polarized to exhibit either proinflammatory M1 or pro-angiogenic M2 phenotypes, but have high phenotypic plasticity. This pilot study investigated macrophage polarization in the macular retina and choroid of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and non-AMD subjects, as well as in AMD choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM). All specimens were evaluated for routine histopathology. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for representative M1 (CXCL11) and M2 (CCL22) transcripts were performed on macular choroidal trephines (MCT) of 19 AMD and nine non-AMD eye bank eyes, on the microdissected macular retinal cells from the archived slides of five geographic atrophic AMD, five exudative/neovascular AMD, and eight normal autopsied eyes, and on microdissected inflammatory cells from two surgically removed CNVM that did not respond to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. High M2-chemokine transcript and a low ratio of M1 to M2 chemokine transcript were found in aging non-AMD MCT. Advanced AMD maculae had a higher M1 to M2 chemokine transcript ratio compared to normal autopsied eyes. Macrophages in the two CNVM of patients unresponsive to anti-VEGF therapy were polarized toward either M1 or M2 phenotypes. The number of M2 macrophages was increased compared to M1 macrophages in normal aging eyes. A pathological shift of macrophage polarization may play a potential role in AMD pathogenesis.
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