Oncolytic Viruses in the Treatment of Cancer: A Review of Current Strategies

Oncolytic viruses are live, replication-competent viruses that replicate selectively in tumor cells leading to the destruction of the tumor cells. Tumor-selective replicating viruses offer appealing advantages over conventional cancer therapy and are promising a new approach for the treatment of human cancer. The development of virotherapeutics is based on several strategies. Virotherapy is not a new concept, but recent technical advances in the genetic modification of oncolytic viruses have improved their tumor specificity, leading to the development of new weapons for the war against cancer. Clinical trials with oncolytic viruses demonstrate the safety and feasibility of an effective virotherapeutic approach. Strategies to overcome potential obstacles and challenges to virotherapy are currently being explored. Systemic administrations of oncolytic viruses will successfully extend novel treatment against a range of tumors. Combination therapy has shown some encouraging antitumor responses by eliciting strong immunity against established cancer.