Genomic determinants of motor and cognitive outcomes in Parkinson's disease

Background: Little is known regarding genetic factors associated with motor or cognitive outcomes in Parkinson's disease (PD). Objective: To identify common genetic variants associated with motor and cognitive outcomes in PD. Methods: The sample consisted of 443 PD cases included in the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of PD. Methods included telephone interview assessments of motor and cognitive outcomes, a median 9 years following the initial clinical assessments. Analyses included Cox proportional hazard models to study the association of 198,345 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with survival free of Hoehn and Yahr stage >= 4 (motor outcome), and either TICS-M <= 27 or AD-8 >= 2 (cognitive outcomes). Results: The SNP rs10958605 in the C8orf4 gene had the smallest p value in analyses of the motor outcome (HR = 1.81: 95% CI = 1.42-2.31: p = 1.51 x 10(-6)). The SNP rs6482992 in the CLRN3 gene had the smallest p value in analyses of the cognitive outcome (HR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.47-.2.79, p = 4.08 x 10(-6)). However, no SNP associations were significant after Bonferroni correction. The C8orf4 gene had small p values for both motor and cognitive outcomes, highlighting inflammation as a possible pathogenesis mechanism for progression in PD. Conclusions: This study suggests that common variants in several genes may be associated with motor and cognitive outcomes in PD, with biological plausibility. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.