期刊
PANCREAS
卷 38, 期 4, 页码 E124-E136出版社
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3181a20f9c
关键词
tocotrienol; pancreatic tumor; mevalonate; K-Ras
资金
- Texas Department of Agriculture
- Texas Woman's University (TWU)
- Summer Stipend award
- Human Nutrition Research Fund
- WU Graduate School
Objective: The rate-limiting activity of the mevalonate pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, provides intermediates essential for growth. Competitive inhibitors of HMG CoA reductase, such as the statins, and down-regulators of reductase, such as the tocotrienols, suppress tumor growth. We evaluated the impact of d-delta-tocotrienol, the most potent vitamin E isomer, on human MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells and BxPC-3 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: Cell proliferation was measured by using CellTiter 96 Aqueous One Solution (Promega, Madison, Wis). Cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V staining and fluorescence microscopy after dual staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide. Results: d-delta-Tocotrienol induced concentration-dependent suppression of cell proliferation with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 28 (6) mu mol/L (MIA PaCa-2), 35 (7) mu mol/L (PANC-1), and 35 (8) mu mol/L (BxPC-3), respectively. These effects are attributable to cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and apoptosis. Mevalonate attenuated d-delta-tocotrienol-mediated growth inhibition. A physiologically attainable blend of d-delta-tocotrienol and lovastatin synergistically suppressed the proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells. Conclusions: Suppression of mevalonate pathway activities, be it by modulators of HMG CoA reductase (statins, tocotrienols, and farnesol), farnesyl transferase (farnesyl transferase inhibitors), and/or mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase (phenylacetate) activity, may have a potential in pancreatic cancer chemotherapy.
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