期刊
TRAFFIC
卷 16, 期 4, 页码 327-337出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/tra.12258
关键词
cell cytoskeleton; exosomes; multivesicular bodies; phospholipids; polarized secretion; synapses
类别
资金
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad-Spain [SAF2011-25834]
- COST-Action [BN1202]
- Cardiovascular Network (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) [RD12-0042-0056]
- INDISNET [S2011-BMD-2332]
- MINECO [SAF2011- 24953]
- EU [CIG-293719]
- Ramon Areces Foundation [CIVP16A1831]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
- Pro-CNIC Foundation
- SERVET-TIPO from Instituto de Salud Carlos III [CP14/00219, MS14/00219]
- Ramon y Cajal Program [RYC-2010-06094]
- [ERC-2011-AdG 294340-GENTRIS]
- [PIE-13-00041]
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that transport different molecules between cells. They are formed and stored inside multivesicular bodies (MVB) until they are released to the extracellular environment. MVB fuse along the plasma membrane, driving non-polarized secretion of exosomes. However, polarized signaling potentially directs MVBs to a specific point in the plasma membrane to mediate a focal delivery of exosomes. MVB polarization occurs across a broad set of cellular situations, e.g. in immune and neuronal synapses, cell migration and in epithelial sheets. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art of polarized MVB docking and the specification of secretory sites at the plasma membrane. The current view is that MVB positioning and subsequent exosome delivery requires a polarizing, cytoskeletal dependent-trafficking mechanism. In this context, we propose scenarios in which biochemical and mechanical signals could drive the polarized delivery of exosomes in highly polarized cells, such as lymphocytes, neurons and epithelia.
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