期刊
TOXICOLOGY
卷 327, 期 -, 页码 32-46出版社
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.11.003
关键词
Corneal equivalents; Cytotoxicity; Draize; In vitro alternatives; Organotypic models; Regulation; Validation
资金
- EPSRC Engineering, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Fellowship (E-TERM) [EP/1017801/1]
- University of Nottingham HERMES Fellowship [13b/I9]
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I017801/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/I017801/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Given the hazardous nature of many materials and substances, ocular toxicity testing is required to evaluate the dangers associated with these substances after their exposure to the eye. Historically, animal tests such as the Draize test were exclusively used to determine the level of ocular toxicity by applying a test substance to a live rabbit's eye and evaluating the biological response. In recent years, legislation in many developed countries has been introduced to try to reduce animal testing and promote alternative techniques. These techniques include ex vivo tests on deceased animal tissue, computational models that use algorithms to apply existing data to new chemicals and in vitro assays based on two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) cell culture models. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in ocular toxicity testing techniques, and discuss the regulatory framework used to evaluate their suitability. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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