Efficient Thiol-Yne Click Chemistry of Redox-Active Ethynylferrocene

The application of ethynylferrocene, FcC=CH (1), as a highly efficient electroactive precursor for the thiolyne click reaction is presented. For this purpose, a wide range of functionalized thiols, namely 2-mercaptoethanol, 1-thioglycerol, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 4-aminothiophenol, and benzene-1,3-dithiol as well as tetrathiol pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate), were investigated. This facile thiolethynylferrocene radical reaction has resulted in the quantitative formation and isolation of the newly ferrocenylvinyl sulfides FcCH-CHS(CH2)(2)OH (2Z and 2E), FcCH-CHSCH2CH(OH)CH2OH (3Z and 3E), FcCH-CHS(CH2)(2)COOH (4Z and 4E), FcC(CH2)S(1,4-C6H4)NH2 (5a), FcCH-CHS(1,3-C6H4)SCH-CHFc (6), and [FcCH-CHS(CH2)(2)COOCH2](4)C (7). Thiolethynylferrocene reactions have been initiated either by heat, in toluene with AIBN, or by UV light irradiation in THF in the presence of DMPA as photoinitiator. The outcome of the hydrothiolation of ethynylferrocene strongly depends on the thiol structure and on the initiation method employed. A simple mixing of metallocene 1 with the thiol HS(CH2)(2)OH or HS(CH2)(2)COOH in a proper ratio, in THF at 20 degrees C, in a initiator-free thiolyne reaction, causes hydrothiolation of 1 to occur, allowing for the formation of vinyl sulfides 2Z, 2E and 4Z, 4E in good isolated yields. In contrast to the bis-addition typically observed for thiolyne reactions, no double hydrothiolation to FcC=CH has been observed for any of the thiols under any conditions studied. Electrochemical studies showed that tetrametallic compound 7, containing four sulfur-bridged ferrocenylvinyl moieties, behaves as a tetrapodal adsorbate molecule, exhibiting excellent chemisorption properties, and spontaneously forms robustly adsorbed 7 films onto Au or Pt electrode surfaces.