Control of the active layer nanomorphology by using co-additives towards high-performance bulk heterojunction solar cells

In this work, two high boiling-point solvents (1-chloronaphthalene (CN) and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO)) were utilized as co-additives in ortho-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) and chlorobenzene (CB) solutions to fine tune the donor and acceptor domains in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) of poly(benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b'] dithiophene-alt-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione) (PBDTTPD) and fullerene derivatives. A power conversion efficiency of 7.1% and a fill factor up to 70% were obtained for solar cells with active area of 1 cm(2) when using [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) as acceptor, suggesting that an optimized morphology was achieved. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.