Photochemistry of dihydrobiopterin in aqueous solution

Dihydrobiopterin (H(2)Bip) and its oxidized analogue, biopterin (Bip), accumulate in the skin of patients suffering from vitiligo, a chronic depigmentation disorder in which the protection against UV radiation fails. The photochemistry of H(2)Bip was studied in neutral aqueous solutions upon UV-A irradiation (320-400 nm) at room temperature. The photochemical reactions were followed by UV/vis spectrophotometry, HPLC and enzymatic methods for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) determination. Photoproducts were analyzed by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Under anaerobic conditions, excitation of H(2)Bip leads to the formation of at least two isomeric dimers with molecular masses equal to exactly twice the molecular mass of the reactant. This reaction takes place from the singlet excited state of the reactant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the photodimerization of a dihydropterin is reported. In the presence of air, the dimers are again the main photoproducts at the beginning of the reaction, but a small proportion of the reactant is converted into Bip. As the reaction proceeds and enough Bip accumulates in the solution, a photosensitized process starts, where Bip photoinduces the oxidation of H(2)Bip to Bip, and H2O2 is formed. As a consequence, the rates of H(2)Bip consumption and Bip formation increase as a function of irradiation time, resulting in an autocatalytic photochemical process. In this process, Bip in its triplet excited state reacts with the ground state of H(2)Bip. The mechanisms involved are analyzed and the biological implications of the results are discussed.