期刊
ORAL ONCOLOGY
卷 45, 期 4-5, 页码 356-360出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.05.022
关键词
TNM-staging; Prognosis; Review
Head and neck malignant tumors are classified according to the TNM staging system. The TNM system is a universally accepted, widely used, staging method. Its goals are to help clinicians and researchers to choose from treatment options, to give patients an estimate of their prognosis and to compare results of treatment. In this paper we discuss the history and daily usage of the TNM system and some pros and cons. In the field of prognostic estimations, particularly for the individual patient, the TNM system could be upgraded with other prognostic indicators. We discuss insights into enhanced usage of the TNM system and the possibilities of comprehensive and dynamic staging models. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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