Effects of mechanical stress on cytokine production in mandible-derived osteoblasts

OBJECTIVE: Mechanical stress is known to be an important factor in the regulation of bone remodeling, and mandibular bone is continuously exposed to mechanical stressors such as occlusal force. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of mechanical stress approaching occlusal force, to which mandible-derived osteoblasts (MDOB) are exposed, on cytokine expression and production using an original hydrostatic pressure apparatus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The levels of cytokine in MDOB were examined by real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and western blotting. In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor for ERK1/2, JNK, and p-38 pathways was used to identify the signal transduction pathway. RESULTS: Hydrostatic pressure increased the expression of IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA in a magnitude-and time-dependent manner and also enhanced IL-6 and TNF-alpha protein production. Furthermore, hydrostatic pressure changed the RANKL/OPG ratio in favor of RANKL for both mRNA and protein levels. Specific inhibitor of p-38 pathway but not that of the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways suppressed the up-regulation of RANKL production induced by hydrostatic pressure loading. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that MDOB play a role in cytokine production in response to mechanical stress and that occlusal force may support the maintenance of mandible bone homeostasis by activating bone remodeling through osteoclastogenesis. Oral Diseases (2011) 17, 712-719