Bi-anisotropy of multiple-layer fishnet negative-index metamaterials due to angled sidewalls

Simulation results of near infrared (100- to 200-THz) fishnet-structure negative-index metamaterials (NIMs) with single and multiple functional layers exhibit bi-anisotropy - inhomogeneous asymmetry - due to the presence of a sidewall-angle. The influence of sidewall-angle resulting from realistic fabrication processes is investigated through the retrieved effective parameters by both a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and a rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA). (c) 2009 Optical Society of America