期刊
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
卷 53, 期 -, 页码 112-121出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2013.08.021
关键词
Digital watermarking; Fractional Fourier transform; Visually recognizable watermark; Blind extraction; Robustness
类别
资金
- Northeastern University Talents project [28720521]
- 985 Project of Northeastern University [985-3-DC-F24]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [N110404027]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61202446]
- National Key Technologies R&D Program of China [2012BAK24B0104]
In this paper, we proposed a novel blind digital image watermarking algorithm based on the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT), which is a generalization of the ordinary Fourier transform and its output has the mixed time and frequency components of the signal. The original image is segmented into non-overlapping blocks for watermarking, and each block is transformed by the two dimensional fractional Fourier transform with two fractional orders. Then each pixel value of binary watermark is embedded by modifying the back-diagonal FRFT coefficients of each image block at the same location with a random array. After perform an inverse two dimensional fractional Fourier transform, we can obtain the watermarked image and the transform orders can be consider as the encryption keys in this method. A series of attacking experiments are performed on the proposed method. The experiments results show that the proposed algorithm not only is of good imperceptibility and security and is very robust to JPEG compression noise attacks and image manipulation operations, but also can provide protection even under compound attacks. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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