期刊
NUTRITION RESEARCH REVIEWS
卷 23, 期 2, 页码 200-229出版社
CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1017/S0954422410000119
关键词
Cognitive tests; Micronutrients; Phytochemicals; Adult randomised controlled trials
资金
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/F008953/1]
- BBSRC [BB/E023185/1, BB/G005702/1, BB/C518222/1]
- Medical Research Council [G0400278/NI02]
- Food Standards Agency (FSA) [N02039]
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/C518222/1, BB/G005702/1, BB/E023185/1, BB/F008953/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/E023185/1, BB/G005702/1, BB/F008953/1] Funding Source: UKRI
In recent years there has been a rapid growth of interest in exploring the relationship between nutritional therapies and the maintenance of cognitive function in adulthood. Emerging evidence reveals an increasingly complex picture with respect to the benefits of various food constituents on learning, memory and psychomotor function in adults. However, to date, there has been little consensus in human studies on the range of cognitive domains to be tested or the particular tests to be employed. To illustrate the potential difficulties that this poses, we conducted a systematic review of existing human adult randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies that have investigated the effects of 24d to 36 months of supplementation with flavonoids and micronutrients on cognitive performance. There were thirty-nine studies employing a total of 121 different cognitive tasks that met the criteria for inclusion. Results showed that less than half of these studies reported positive effects of treatment, with some important cognitive domains either under-represented or not explored at all. Although there was some evidence of sensitivity to nutritional supplementation in a number of domains (for example, executive function, spatial working memory), interpretation is currently difficult given the prevailing 'scattergun approach' for selecting cognitive tests. Specifically, the practice means that it is often difficult to distinguish between a boundary condition for a particular nutrient and a lack of task sensitivity. We argue that for significant future progress to be made, researchers need to pay much closer attention to existing human RCT and animal data, as well as to more basic issues surrounding task sensitivity, statistical power and type I error.
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