期刊
NUTRITION RESEARCH
卷 31, 期 3, 页码 178-189出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.03.003
关键词
alpha-carotene; beta-carotene; beta-cryptoxanthin; carotenoids; human subjects; lycopene; lutein; mortality; NHANES; zeaxanthin
资金
- NIH [K12 HD043489, K12HD055931, K23 AG019161, R21HD057274, R01 HL094507, R01 AG027012]
Evidence regarding the health benefits of carotenoids is controversial. Effects of serum carotenoids and their interactions on mortality have not been examined in a representative sample of US adults. The objective was to examine whether serum carotenoid concentrations predict mortality among US adults. The study consisted of adults aged >= 20 years enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1994, with measured serum carotenoids and mortality follow-up through 2006 (N = 13 293). Outcomes were all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality. In adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, participants in the lowest total carotenoid quartile (<1.01 mu mol/L) had significantly higher all-cause mortality (mortality rate ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-1.65; P = .005) than those in the highest total carotenoid quartile (>1.75 mu mol/L). For alpha-carotene, the highest quartile (>0.11 mu mol/L) had the lowest all-cause mortality rates (P < .001). For lycopene, the middle 2 quartiles (0.29-0.58 mu mol/L) had the lowest all-cause mortality rates (P = .047). Analyses with continuous carotenoids confirmed associations of serum total carotenoids, alpha-carotene, and lycopene with all-cause mortality (P < .001). In a random survival forest analysis, very low lycopene was the carotenoid most strongly predictive of all-cause mortality, followed by very low total carotenoids. alpha-Carotene/beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene/lutein+zeaxanthin and lycopene/lutein +zeaxanthin interactions were significantly related to all-cause mortality (P < .05). Low alpha-carotene was the only carotenoid associated with cardiovascular disease mortality (P = .002). No carotenoids were significantly associated with cancer mortality. Very low serum total carotenoid, alpha-carotene, and lycopene concentrations may be risk factors for mortality, but carotenoids show interaction effects on mortality. Interventions of balanced carotenoid combinations are needed for confirmation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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