Prognosis by C-reactive protein and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in stable coronary heart disease during 15 years of follow-up

Background and Aim: Elevated CRP and matrix metalloproteinase-9 associate with increased risk of cardiovascular events, possibly because these plasma proteins mark vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. We tested the hypothesis that levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 associate with prognosis in patients with stable coronary heart disease. Methods and Results: We measured baseline plasma CRP and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in 1090 patients with stable coronary heart disease and as the primary composite endpoint detected incident unstable angina, myocardial infarction and any death during 15 years of follow-up. CRP above versus below the median of 3.0 mg/L was associated with an increased cumulative incidence of unstable angina, myocardial infarction and any death combined (log-rank p < 0.0001). CRP above versus below the median had a corresponding hazard ratio of 1.5(95% CI, 1.3-1.8) after age adjustment, of 1.4(1.2-1.6) after multifactorial adjustment, and of 1.4(1.2-1.6) after multifactorial adjustment including degree of coronary disease. In contrast, matrix metalloproteinase-9 above versus below the median was not associated with risk of unstable angina, myocardial infarction and death. Conclusions: Elevated CRP, but not elevated matrix metalloproteinase-9, associates with increased risk of unstable angina, myocardial infarction and death in patients with stable coronary heart disease. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.