期刊
NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
卷 27, 期 2, 页码 215-225出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1177/0884533611434934
关键词
intestines; metagenome; inflammation; postprandial period; endotoxins; endotoxemia; lipopolysaccharides; obesity; diabetes mellitus
资金
- NCATS NIH HHS [TL1 TR001081] Funding Source: Medline
- NCRR NIH HHS [TL1 RR025778] Funding Source: Medline
- NHGRI NIH HHS [R21 HG005964] Funding Source: Medline
- NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL060569] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R37 DK050189, R01 DK095491] Funding Source: Medline
The human intestinal tract comprises a rich and complex microbial ecosystem. This intestinal microbota provides a large reservoir of potentially toxic molecules, including bacterial endotoxin (ie, lipopolysaccharide [LPS]). This potent inflammatory molecule is detectable in the circulation of healthy individuals, and levels transiently increase following ingestion of energy-rich meals. Chronic exposure to circulating endotoxin has been associated with obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Western-style meals augment LPS translocation and by this mechanism may contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. By contrast, the gut and other organs have evolved mechanisms to detoxify endotoxin and neutralize the potentially inflammatory qualities of circulating endotoxin. Of specific interest to clinicians is evidence that acute postprandial elevation of circulating endotoxin is dependent on meal composition. In this review, the authors present an overview of the biochemical and cellular mechanisms that lead to endotoxemia, with emphasis on the interplay between microbial and nutrition determinants of this condition. The link between endotoxemia, diet, and changes in the intestinal microbiota raise the possibility that dietary interventions can, at least in part, ameliorate the detrimental outcomes of endotoxemia. (Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27:215-225)
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