期刊
SURGICAL ONCOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
卷 24, 期 3, 页码 379-+出版社
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2015.03.001
关键词
Head and neck cancer; Tobacco; Human papillomavirus; Alcohol; Epidemiology
This article discusses risk factors, incidence trends, and prognostic considerations for head and neck cancer (HNC). The primary causes of HNC are tobacco and alcohol use, and human papillomavirus (HPV). Tobacco-related HNC incidence rates are decreasing in countries where tobacco use has declined. HPV-HNC, which occurs primarily in the oropharynx and is associated with sexual behaviors, has been increasing over the past several decades, among white men in particular. The prognosis for HNC overall has improved slightly since the 1990s, and is influenced by site, stage, and HPV status. Prognosis for HPV-HNC is significantly better than for HPV-negative disease.
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