期刊
出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2009.11.018
关键词
Ultra high energy cosmic rays; Auger Observatory; Extensive air showers; Trigger; Exposure
类别
资金
- Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica
- Fundacion Antorchas
- Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza
- Municipalidad de Malargue
- NDM Holdings
- Valle Las Lenas
- Australian Research Council
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)
- Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
- Fundacao de Amparo A Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
- Fundacao de Amparo Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Tecnologia (MCT), Brazil [AVOZ10100502, AV0Z101100522, GAAV KJB300100801, KJB100100904, MSMT-CR LA08016, LC527, 1M06002, MSM0021620859,]
- Czech Republic
- Centre de Calcul [IN2P3/CNRS]
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Conseil Regional Ile-de-France
- Departement Physique Nucleaire et Corpusculaire [PNC-IN2P3/CNRS]
- Departement Sciences de I'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS), France
- Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Finanzministerium Baden-Wurttemberg
- Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
- Ministerium fur Wissenschaft und Forschung
- Nordrhein-Westfalen
- Ministerium fur Wissenschaft
- Forschung und Kunst
- Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
- Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR), Italy
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT), Mexico
- Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
- Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), Netherlands
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education [1 P03 D 014 30, N202 090 31/0623, PAP/218/2006]
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal
- Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency, Slovenia
- Consejeria de Educacion de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha
- FEDER funds
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion
- Xunta de Galicia, Spain
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK: Department of Energy [DE-AC02-07CH11359]
- National Science Foundation [0450696]
- Grainger Foundation USA
- ALFA-EC / HELEN
- European Union [MEIF-CT-2005-025057, PIEF-GA-2008-220240]
- UNESCO
- Division Of Physics
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien [0838088] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [PP/E007007/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- STFC [PP/E007007/1] Funding Source: UKRI
The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, for the study of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We describe the trigger hierarchy, from the identification of candidate showers at the level of a single detector, amongst a large background (mainly random single cosmic ray muons), up to the selection of real events and the rejection of random coincidences. Such trigger makes the surface detector array fully efficient for the detection of EAS with energy above 3 x 10(18) eV, for all zenith angles between 0 degrees and 60 degrees, independently of the position of the impact point and of the mass of the primary particle. In these range of energies and angles, the exposure of the surface array can be determined purely on the basis of the geometrical acceptance. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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