Phase diagram of a continuum traffic flow model with a static bottleneck

The phase transitions are investigated in a continuum speed-gradient model with a static bottleneck under open boundary conditions, The bottleneck situation has been studied using two different approaches explicit and implicit. The phase diagrams showing different traffic states are presented. The effect of strength of bottleneck has been analyzed, and it is found that the strength parameter has no qualitative effect in the explicit case while has considerable effect in the implicit case. Furthermore, the results of both the approaches are compared, and the consistency between them is discussed.