Quantitative MRI and ultrastructural examination of the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination

The cuprizone mouse model of demyelination was used to investigate the influence that white matter changes have on different magnetic resonance imaging results. In vivo T-2-weighted and magnetization transfer images (MTIs) were acquired weekly in control (n=5) and cuprizone-fed (n=5) mice, with significant increases in signal intensity in T-2-weighted images (p<0.001) and lower magnetization transfer ratio (p<0.001) in the corpus callosum of the cuprizone-fed mice starting at 3weeks and peaking at 4 and 5weeks, respectively. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), quantitative MTI (qMTI), and T-1/T-2 measurements were used to analyze freshly excised tissue after 6weeks of cuprizone administration. In multicomponent T-2 analysis with 10ms echo spacing, there was no visible myelin water component associated with the short T-2 value. Quantitative MTI metrics showed significant differences in the corpus callosum and external capsule of the cuprizone-fed mice, similar to previous studies of multiple sclerosis in humans and animal models of demyelination. Fractional anisotropy was significantly lower and mean, axial, and radial diffusivity were significantly higher in the cuprizone-fed mice. Cellular distributions measured in electron micrographs of the corpus callosum correlated strongly to several different quantitative MRI metrics. The largest Spearman correlation coefficient varied depending on cellular type: T-1 versus the myelinated axon fraction (=-0.90), the bound pool fraction (integral) versus the myelin sheath fraction (=0.93), and axial diffusivity versus the non-myelinated cell fraction (=0.92). Using Pearson's correlation coefficient, integral was strongly correlated to the myelin sheath fraction (r=0.98) with a linear equation predicting myelin content (5.37 integral-0.25). Of the calculated MRI metrics, integral was the strongest indicator of myelin content, while longitudinal relaxation rates and diffusivity measurements were the strongest indicators of changes in tissue structure. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.