期刊
NEW PHYTOLOGIST
卷 200, 期 2, 页码 422-431出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/nph.12370
关键词
community-pathogen feedback; ecosystem ecology; emerging infectious disease; nitrification; nitrogen mineralization; Phytophthora ramorum; redwood forests
资金
- NSF as part of the joint NSF-NIH Ecology of Infectious Disease program [DEB EF-0622770]
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- USDA Pacific Southwest Research Station
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1115664] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1115664] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Few studies have quantified pathogen impacts to ecosystem processes, despite the fact that pathogens cause or contribute to regional-scale tree mortality. We measured litterfall mass, litterfall chemistry, and soil nitrogen (N) cycling associated with multiple hosts along a gradient of mortality caused by Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death. In redwood forests, the epidemiological and ecological characteristics of the major overstory species determine disease patterns and the magnitude and nature of ecosystem change. Bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) has high litterfall N (0.992%), greater soil extractable NO3-N, and transmits infection without suffering mortality. Tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) has moderate litterfall N (0.723%) and transmits infection while suffering extensive mortality that leads to higher extractable soil NO3-N. Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) has relatively low litterfall N (0.519%), does not suffer mortality or transmit the pathogen, but dominates forest biomass. The strongest impact of pathogen-caused mortality was the potential shift in species composition, which will alter litterfall chemistry, patterns and dynamics of litterfall mass, and increase soil NO3-N availability. Patterns of P.ramorum spread and consequent mortality are closely associated with bay laurel abundances, suggesting this species will drive both disease emergence and subsequent ecosystem function.
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