期刊
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
卷 15, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/15/2/023032
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资金
- Italian MIUR-PRIN project [20083C8XFZ]
- EU Commission FET Open Grant HIDEAS
- EPSRC [EP/I006826/1]
- EPSRC [EP/I006826/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I006826/1] Funding Source: researchfish
We explore the statistical behaviour of the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation as a test bed for the observation of negative-temperature (i.e. above infinite temperature) states in Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices and arrays of optical waveguides. By monitoring the microcanonical temperature, we show that there exists a parameter region where the system evolves towards a state characterized by a finite density of discrete breathers and a negative temperature. Such a state persists over very long (astronomical) times since the convergence to equilibrium becomes increasingly slower as a consequence of a coarsening process. We also discuss two possible mechanisms for the generation of negative-temperature states in experimental setups, namely, the introduction of boundary dissipations and the free expansion of wavepackets initially in equilibrium at a positive temperature.
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