期刊
NEUROTOXICOLOGY
卷 69, 期 -, 页码 84-92出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.09.005
关键词
Neural tube defects; Retinoic acid; Oxidative stress; NRF2
资金
- National Key Research and Development Program [2016YFC1000505]
- National Natural Foundation of China [81671469, 81370717, 81171072]
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 program) [2013CB945402]
- Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Liaoning province [20170520200]
- Liaoning science and technology Program [20170541002]
Exposure to retinoic acid (RA) during pregnancy increases the risk of serious neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing fetus. The precise molecular mechanism for this process is unclear; however, RA is associated with oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of oxidative stress that directs the expression of antioxidant genes and detoxifying proteins to maintain redox homeostasis. We established a rat model of NTDs in which pregnant dams were administered all trans (at)RA on gestational day 10, and oxidative stress levels and the spatiotemporal expression of NRF2 and its downstream targets were examined in the resulting embryos and in maternal blood. In the NTD group, total antioxidative capacity decreased and 8-hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine increased in maternal serum and fetal spinal cord tissues. Plasma GSH content, the GSH/GSSG ratio, and glutathione peroxidase activity in fetal spinal cords were lower in the NTD group relative to controls. We detected NRF2 protein reduction and concomitant up regulation of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) - a cytoplasmic inhibitor of NRF2 - in the NTD group. The mRNA and protein levels of downstream targets of NRF2 were downregulated in the spinal cords of NTD embryos. These data demonstrate substantial oxidative stress and NRF2 signaling pathway disruption in a model of NTDs induced by atRA. The inhibitory effects of atRA on NRF2 signaling may lower cellular defenses against RA-induced oxidative stress and could play important roles in NTD occurrence during embryonic development.
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