An urgent need to reassess the safe levels of copper in the drinking water: Lessons from studies on healthy animals harboring no genetic deficits

Recent seminal studies have established neurodegeneration, cognitive waning and/or beta-amyloid deposition due to chronic copper intoxication via drinking water in healthy animals; henceforth, fuelling the debate all again over the safe levels of copper in the drinking water. This review encompasses the contemporary imperative animal studies in which the effect of chronic copper toxicity (especially via drinking water) was evaluated on the central nervous system and memory of uncompromised animals along with discussing the future perspectives. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.