期刊
NEUROTOXICOLOGY
卷 33, 期 5, 页码 1356-1361出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.08.011
关键词
Parkinsonism; Parkinson disease; Welding; Manganese; Occupational exposures
资金
- National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences [R01 ES013743, K24 ES017765, P42ES004696]
- Michael J. Fox Foundation
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [5T32NS007205-27]
- National Center for Research Resources [NCRR0]
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap for Medical Research [UL1 RR024992]
- American Parkinson Disease Association
- St. Louis Chapter of the American Parkinson Disease Association
- Barnes Jewish Hospital Foundation
Objective: Manganese (Mn), an established neurotoxicant, is a common component of welding fume. The neurological phenotype associated with welding exposures has not been well described. Prior epidemiologic evidence linking occupational welding to parkinsonism is mixed, and remains controversial. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and nested case-control study to investigate the prevalence and phenotype of parkinsonism among 811 shipyard and fabrication welders recruited from trade unions. Two reference groups included 59 non-welder trade workers and 118 newly diagnosed, untreated idiopathic PD patients. Study subjects were examined by a movement disorders specialist using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor subsection 3 (UPDRS3). Parkinsonism cases were defined as welders with UPDRS3 score >= 15. Normal was defined as UPDRS3 <6. Exposure was classified as intensity adjusted, cumulative years of welding. Adjusted prevalence ratios for parkinsonism were calculated in relation to quartiles of welding years. Results: The overall prevalence estimate of parkinsonism was 15.6% in welding exposed workers compared to 0% in the reference group. Among welders, we observed a U-shaped dose-response relation between weighted welding exposure-years and parkinsonism. UPDRS3 scores for most domains were similar between welders and newly diagnosed idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) patients, except for greater frequency of rest tremor and asymmetry in PD patients. Conclusion: This work-site based study among welders demonstrates a high prevalence of parkinsonism compared to nonwelding-exposed workers and a clinical phenotype that overlaps substantially with PD. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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