Clinical Outcomes Using Modest Intravascular Hypothermia After Acute Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

BACKGROUND: Although a number of neuroprotective strategies have been tested after spinal cord injury (SCI), no treatments have been established as a standard of care. OBJECTIVE: We report the clinical outcomes at 1-year median follow-up, using endovascular hypothermia after SCI and a detailed analysis of the complications. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of American Spinal Injury Association and International Medical Society of Paraplegia Impairment Scale (AIS) scores and complications in 14 patients with SCI presenting with a complete cervical SCI ( AIS A). All patients were treated with 48 hours of modest ( 33 C) intravascular hypothermia. The comparison group was composed of 14 age- and injury-matched subjects treated at the same institution. RESULTS: Six of the 14 cooled patients (42.8%) were incomplete at final follow-up (50.2 [9.7] weeks). Three patients improved to AIS B, 2 patients improved to AIS C, and 1 patient improved to AIS D. Complications were predominantly respiratory and infectious in nature. However, in the control group, a similar number of complications was observed. Adverse events such as coagulopathy, deep venous thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism were not seen in the patients undergoing hypothermia. CONCLUSION: This study is the first phase 1 clinical trial on the safety and outcome with the use of endovascular hypothermia in the treatment of acute cervical SCI. In this small cohort of patients with SCI, complication rates were similar to those of normothermic patients with an associated AIS A conversion rate of 42.8%.