What were they thinking?: Cognitive states may influence [11C]raclopride binding potential in the striatum

[C-11]Raclopride ([C-11]RAC) is a selective dopamine D-2/D-3 antagonist that is commonly used in positron emission tomography (PET) studies to assess both basal levels of receptor availability and changes in availability caused by alterations in striatal dopamine concentration. When designing [C-11]RAC studies, it is important to understand what variables may affect the results. Here, we examined differences in baseline striatal [C-11]RAC binding potential (BPND) under two different rest conditions. Thirteen subjects received [C-11]RAC scans. Eight subjects were aware prior to initiation of scanning that they would receive a baseline scan, and that no additional procedures would take place during the scan (certain rest group, CER). Five subjects were informed that they might or might not receive an IV alcohol infusion during the scan (uncertain rest group, UNC). This group was informed five min after scan start that they would not receive alcohol. Voxel-wise analyses of binding potential (BPND) images generated for both rest conditions indicated that receptor availability was higher in UNC than in CER. This result was confirmed by a region-of-interest analysis, which indicated that the average BPND in right and left putamen was statistically higher in UNC. There were no differences in groups with respect to age or raclopride mass dose that could account for the difference in D-2/D-3 receptor availability. Our findings suggest that even slight differences in cognitive states between groups can have an effect on BPND, presumably mediated by changes in endogenous dopamine concentration. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.