期刊
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
卷 35, 期 4, 页码 999-1006出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.002
关键词
Rituals; Anxiety; Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); Vigilance; Precaution; Group dynamics; Isolation
资金
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Air Force Material Command, USAF [FA8655-09-1-3107]
In contrast to a perceptible threat that releases freezing, fleeing and fighting, abstract potential threat elicits anxiety and vigilance. The prevalent view is that the larger the animal groups the lower the individual vigilance. Vigilance is a reflection of anxiety, and here we show that anxiety is contagious in grouped social animals. In humans, anxiety frequently results in rituals that confer a sense of controllability and thereby a means to cope with anxiety. Accordingly, in mental disorders with sustained anxiety, rituals predominate the behavior and consequently reduce functionality. Finally, the adaptive value of precautionary behavior, including rituals, lies in providing individuals with the opportunity to practice defensive means safely, and thus to prepare for the eventuality of real danger. Accordingly, the prevalence of anxiety in human and animal behavior accords with the better safe than sorry principle. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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