期刊
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA
卷 50, 期 7, 页码 1621-1627出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.015
关键词
V2; Visual awareness; Visual perception; Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS); Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); Spherical modelling
资金
- Academy of Finland [110957, 124698, 125175, 218054, 140726]
- National program for the Centre of Excellence (O.V. Lounasmaa Laboratory)
- Emil Aaltonen Foundation
- TOP Foundation
- Oskar Oflund Foundation
- National Doctoral Programme of Psychology in Finland
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [218054, 110957, 140726, 218054, 140726, 110957] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
The primary visual cortex (V1) has been shown to be critical for visual awareness, but the importance of other low-level visual areas has remained unclear. To clarify the role of human cortical area V2 in visual awareness, we applied transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over V2 while participants were carrying out a visual discrimination task and rating their subjective awareness. Individual retinotopic maps and modelling of the TMS-induced electric field in V1, V2 and V3d ensured that the electric field was at or under the phosphene threshold level in V1 and V3d, whereas in V2 it was at the higher suppressive level. As earlier shown for the V1, our results imply that also V2 is necessary for conscious visual experience. Visual awareness of stimulus presence was completely suppressed when the TMS pulse was delivered 44-84 ms after the onset of visual stimulus. Visual discrimination and awareness of stimulus features was impaired when the TMS pulse was delivered 44-104 ms after the visual stimulus onset. These results suggest that visual awareness cannot be generated without an intact V2. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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