期刊
NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
卷 55, 期 7, 页码 1081-1094出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.07.046
关键词
Electrophysiology; NMDA receptor; NR2A subunit; NR2B subunit; Metaplasticity; Sliding threshold; Long-term depression (LTD); Long-term potentiation (LTP)
资金
- Whitehall Foundation and National Eye Institute [R01 EY01 8323]
- University of North Carolina Dissertation Completion Fellowship
- EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT [T32HD040127] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE [R01EY018323] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) mediate many forms of synaptic plasticity. These tetrameric receptors consist of two obligatory NR1 subunits and two regulatory subunits, usually a combination of NR2A and NR2B. In the neonatal neocortex NR2B-containing NMDARs predominate, and sensory experience facilitates a developmental switch in which NR2A levels increase relative to NR2B. In this review, we clarify the roles of NR2 subunits in synaptic plasticity, and argue that a primary role of this shift is to control the threshold, rather than determining the direction, for modifying synaptic strength. We also discuss recent studies that illuminate the mechanisms regulating NR2 subunits, and suggest that the NR2A/NR2B ratio is regulated by multiple means, which may control the ratio both locally at individual synapses and globally in a cell-wide manner. Finally, we use the visual cortex as a model system to illustrate how activity-dependent modifications in the NR2A/NR2B ratio may contribute to the development of cortical functions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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