Propofol Protects Against Angiotensin II-Induced Mouse Hippocampal HT22 Cells Apoptosis Via Inhibition of p66Shc Mitochondrial Translocation

Hippocampal neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis have been reported to be involved in cognitive impairment, and angiotensin II could induce hippocampal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Propofol is a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent in clinical practice, and it demonstrates significant neuroprotective activities. In this study, we investigated the mechanism how propofol protected mouse hippocampal HT22 cells against angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Cell viability was evaluated with CCK8 kit. Protein expressions of active caspase 3, cytochrome c, p66(Shc), p-p66(shc)-Ser(36), protein kinase C beta II (PKC beta II), Pin-1 and phosphatase A2 (PP2A) were measured by Western blot. Superoxide anion (O (2) (.-) ) accumulation was measured with the reduction of ferricytochrome c. Compared with the control group, angiotensin II up-regulated expression of PKC beta II, Pin-1 and PP2A, induced p66(Shc)-Ser(36) phosphorylation, and facilitated p66(Shc) mitochondrial translocation, resulting in O (2) (.-) accumulation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and the inhibition of cell viability. Importantly, we found propofol inhibited angiotensin II-induced PKC beta II and PP2A expression and improved p66(Shc) mitochondrial translocation, O (2) (.-) accumulation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, inhibition of cell viability. On the other hand, propofol had no effects on angiotensin II-induced Pin-1 expression and p66(Shc)-Ser(36) phosphorylation. Moreover, the protective effects of propofol on angiotensin II-induced HT22 apoptosis were similar with calyculin A, an inhibitor of PP2A and CGP53353, an inhibitor of PKC beta II. However, the protective effect of propofol could be reversed by FTY720, an activator of PP2A, rather than PMA, an activator of PKC beta II. Our data indicated that propofol down-regulated PP2A expression, inhibiting dephosphorylation of p66(Shc)-Ser(36) and p66(Shc) mitochondrial translocation, decreasing O (2) (.-) accumulation, reducing mitochondrial cytochrome c release, inhibiting caspase 3 activation. By these mechanisms, it protects mouse hippocampal HT22 cells against angiotensin II-induced apoptosis.