期刊
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
卷 34, 期 6, 页码 1610-1620出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.014
关键词
Microglia; Cytokines; Inflammation; Macrophage; Alternative activation; Classical activation; Microarray
资金
- NIH [AG04418, AG15470]
The roles of microglia and macrophages during neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases remain controversial. To date, at least 2 activations states have been suggested, consisting of a classical response (M1) and the alternative response (M2). Identifying selective biomarkers of microglia that representative their functional activation states may help elucidate disease course and enable a better understanding of repair mechanisms. Two cocktails containing either tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-1 beta (referred to as CKT-1) or IL-13 and IL-4 (referred to CKT-2) were injections into the hippocampus of mice aged 6, 12, or 24 months. Microarray analysis was performed on hippocampal tissue 3 days postinjection. Gene transcripts were compared between CKT-1 versus CKT-2 stimulator cocktails. Several selective transcripts expressed for the CKT-1 included CXCL13, haptoglobin, MARCO, and calgranulin B, whereas a smaller subset of genes was selectively induced by the CKT-2 and consisted of FIZZ1, IGF-1, and EAR 11. Importantly, selective transcripts were induced at all ages by CKT-1, whereas selective gene transcripts induced by CKT-2 decreased with age suggesting an age-related reduction in the IL-4/IL-13 signaling pathway. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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