期刊
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
卷 91, 期 -, 页码 76-83出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.08.031
关键词
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea; Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria; Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria; Pyrosequencing; Soil microbes; Soil nitrogen cycling
类别
资金
- National Science Foundation of China [41440007]
- Strategic Priority Research Program of the CAS [XDB15040000]
- Distinguished Young Scholar Program of Jiangsu Province [BK2012048]
Chronic nutrient addition to grassland soils can strongly influence the composition and abundance of nitrifying microbial communities. Despite the fact that nitrifying microbes play a crucial role in regulating ecosystem nitrogen (N) cycling, our understanding of how long-term N fertilization might influence nitrifying microbial groups is still limited. Here we used soil from a 44-year-old grassland fertilization experiment and performed high-throughput pyrosequencing analyses (and real-time quantitative PCR) to determine whether and how the identity and abundance of nitrifying microbes has changed in response to chronic inorganic (chemical fertilizer) and organic (cattle slurry) N additions. We found that the amoA genes of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) significantly increased under organic N additions, whereas ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) increased with the addition of inorganic N. Proportional changes of AOA, AOB and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) demonstrate that nitrifying phylotypes are influenced by chronic N additions. We also found that AOA/AOB ratios increased with higher application rates of cattle slurry suggesting that AOA may affect N cycling more in soils receiving animal manures, whereas AOB are functionally more important in chemically fertilized soils. Phylogenetic analysis shows that shifts in AOA and AOB community structure occurred through time across N fertilization treatments. For example, (a) fosmid 29i4-like AOA, (b) Nitrosospira cluster 3-like AOB, and (c) Nitrospira-like NOB dominated nitrifying communities in fertilized soils. Finally, high-throughput pyrosequencing of 165 rRNA genes show that N fertilization (either inorganic or organic) increased the abundance of Actinobacteria in soils while it decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria. Our study is one of the first to show that long-term N additions to soils can greatly affect nitrifying communities, and that phylogenetically and functionally distinct nitrifiers have developed through time in response to chronic N fertilization. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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