Device for continuous extracorporeal blood purification using target-specific metal nanomagnets

Background. The present work illustrates how magnetic separation-based blood purification using ultra-strong iron nanomagnets can be implemented into an extracorporeal blood purification circuit. By this promising technique, today's blood purification may be extended to specifically filter high-molecular compounds without being limited by filter cut-offs or column surface saturation. Methods. Blood spiked with digoxin (small molecule drug) and interleukin-1 beta (inflammatory protein) was circulated ex vivo through a device composed of approved blood transfusion lines. Target-specific nanomagnets were continuously injected and subsequently recovered with the aid of a magnetic separator before recirculating the blood. Results. Magnetic blood purification was successfully carried out under flow conditions: already in single-pass experiments, removal efficiencies reached values of 75 and 40% for digoxin and interleukin-1 beta, respectively. Circulating 0.5 L of digoxin-intoxicated blood in a closed loop, digoxin concentration was decreased from initially toxic to therapeutic concentrations within 30 min and purification extents of 90% were achieved after 1.5 h. Conclusions. Magnetic separation can be successfully implemented into an extracorporeal blood purification device. Simultaneous and specific filtering of high-molecular compounds may offer promising new therapeutic tools for the future treatment of complex diseases, such as sepsis and autoimmune disorders.