期刊
SOCIAL STUDIES OF SCIENCE
卷 45, 期 2, 页码 242-269出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/0306312714564912
关键词
applied science; Artificial Intelligence; basic science; boundaries; ontology; scientific practice
资金
- MacArthur Foundation
- Mellon Foundation
- Kaplan Center for the Humanities
- Department of Sociology at Northwestern University
- Humanities Institute
- Office of the Vice President for Research at the University at Buffalo, SUNY
Some scholars dismiss the distinction between basic and applied science as passe, yet substantive assumptions about this boundary remain obdurate in research policy, popular rhetoric, the sociology and philosophy of science, and, indeed, at the level of bench practice. In this article, I draw on a multiple ontology framework to provide a more stable affirmation of a constructivist position in science and technology studies that cannot be reduced to a matter of competing perspectives on a single reality. The analysis is grounded in ethnographic research in the border zone of Artificial Intelligence science. I translate in-situ moments in which members of neighboring but differently situated labs engage in three distinct repertoires that render the reality of basic and applied science: partitioning, flipping, and collapsing. While the essences of scientific objects are nowhere to be found, the boundary between basic and applied is neither illusion nor mere propaganda. Instead, distinctions among scientific knowledge are made real as a matter of course.
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