期刊
SMALL
卷 12, 期 5, 页码 631-646出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502346
关键词
assays; gold; human embryonic stem cells; nanoparticles; toxicology
类别
资金
- National Institutes of Health [R01HD031550, R01ES012933, R21ES021893]
- WSU-NIEHS Center [P30ES020957]
This study explores the use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) for assessing nanotoxicology, specifically, the effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different core sizes (1.5, 4, and 14 nm) on the viability, pluripotency, neuronal differentiation, and DNA methylation of hESCs. The hESCs exposed to 1.5 nm thiolate-capped AuNPs exhibit loss of cohesiveness and detachment suggesting ongoing cell death at concentrations as low as 0.1 g mL(-1). The cells exposed to 1.5 nm AuNPs at this concentration do not form embryoid bodies but rather disintegrate into single cells within 48 h. Cell death caused by 1.5 nm AuNPs also occur in hESC-derived neural progenitor cells. None of the other nanoparticles exhibit toxic effects on the hESCs at concentrations as high as 10 g mL(-1) during a 19 d neural differentiation period. Thiolate-capped 4 nm AuNPs at 10 g mL(-1) cause a dramatic decrease in global DNA methylation (5 mC) and a corresponding increase in global DNA hydroxymethylation (5 hmC) of the hESC's DNA in only 24 h. This work identifies a type of AuNPs highly toxic to hESCs and demonstrates the potential of hESCs in predicting nanotoxicity and characterizing their ability to alter the DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation patterns in the cells.
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