期刊
SMALL
卷 12, 期 7, 页码 939-950出版社
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201503167
关键词
battery chemistry; cell configurations; energy storage; Li-S batteries; porous electrodes
类别
资金
- US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-SC0005397]
Sulfur cathodes have become appealing for rechargeable batteries because of their high theoretical capacity (1675 mA h g(-1)). However, the conventional cathode configuration borrowed from lithium-ion batteries may not allow the pure sulfur cathode to put its unique materials chemistry to good use. The solid((sulfur))-liquid((polysulfides))-solid((sulfides)) phase transitions generate polysulfide intermediates that are soluble in the commonly used organic solvents in Li-S cells. The resulting severe polysulfide diffusion and the irreversible active-material loss have been hampering the development of Li-S batteries for years. The present study presents a robust, ultra-tough, flexible cathode with the active-material fillings encapsulated between two buckypapers (B), designated as buckypaper/sulfur/buckypaper (B/S/B) cathodes, that suppresses the irreversible polysulfide diffusion to the anode and offers excellent electrochemical reversibility with a low capacity fade rate of 0.06% per cycle after 400 cycles. Engineering enhancements demonstrate that the B/S/B cathodes represent a facile approach for the development of high-performance sulfur electrodes with a high areal capacity of 5.1 mA h cm(-2), which increases further to approach 7 mA h cm(-2) on coupling with carbon-coated separators.
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