期刊
NATURE PHYSICS
卷 7, 期 11, 页码 913-917出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/NPHYS2057
关键词
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资金
- NSF [DMR-0907039]
- AFOSR [FA9550-10-1-0110]
- Sloan Foundation
- Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
- Division Of Materials Research [0907039] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
When an isolated system is brought in contact with a heat bath, its final energy is random and follows the Gibbs distribution-this finding is a cornerstone of statistical physics. The system's energy can also be changed by performing non-adiabatic work using a cyclic process. Almost nothing is known about the resulting energy distribution in this set-up, which is in particular relevant to recent experimental progress in cold atoms, ion traps, superconducting qubits and other systems. Here we show that when the non-adiabatic process consists of many repeated cyclic processes, the resulting energy distribution is universal and different from the Gibbs ensemble. We predict the existence of two qualitatively different regimes with a continuous second-order-like transition between them. We illustrate our approach by performing explicit calculations for both interacting and non-interacting systems.
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