Integrated germanium optical interconnects on silicon substrates

Monolithic integration of optoelectronics with electronics is a much-desired functionality. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to realize low-loss Ge quantum-well photonic interconnects on Si wafers. We show that Ge-rich Si1-xGex virtual substrates can act as a passive, high-quality optical waveguide on which low-temperature, epitaxial growth of Ge quantum-well devices can be realized. As a proof of concept, the photonic integration of a passive Si0.16Ge0.84 waveguide and two Ge/SiGe multi-quantum-well active devices, an optical modulator and a photodetector was realized to form a photonic interconnect using a single epitaxial growth step. This demonstration confirms that Ge quantum-well interconnects are feasible for low-voltage, broadband optical links integrated on Si chips. Our approach can be extended to any kind of Ge-based optoelectronic device working within telecommunication wavelengths as long as a suitable Ge concentration is selected for the Ge-rich virtual substrate.