期刊
NATURE MEDICINE
卷 19, 期 4, 页码 494-+出版社
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/nm.3109
关键词
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资金
- US National Institutes of Health (NIH) [HHSN272201100017C, NIH-1P01 AI080192, U19AI082630, 2P01 AI056299, R01 AI096966]
- Case Western Reserve University Center for AIDS Research [AI 36219]
- Cleveland Immunopathogenesis Consortium [AI 76174]
The majority of HIV-infected individuals fail to produce protective antibodies and have diminished responses to new immunizations(1-3). We report here that even though there is an expansion of follicular helper T (T-FH) cells in HIV-infected individuals, the cells are unable to provide adequate B cell help. We found a higher frequency of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)(+) germinal center B cells from lymph nodes of HIV-infected individuals suggesting a potential role for PD-1-PD-L1 interaction in regulating T-FH cell function. In fact, we show that engagement of PD-1 on T-FH cells leads to a reduction in cell proliferation, activation, inducible T-cell co-stimulator (ICOS) expression and interleukin-21 (IL-21) cytokine secretion. Blocking PD-1 signaling enhances HIV-specific immunoglobulin production in vitro. We further show that at least part of this defect involves IL-21, as addition of this cytokine rescues antibody responses and plasma cell generation in vitro. Our results suggest that deregulation of T-FH cell-mediated B cell help diminishes B cell responses during HIV infection and may be related to PD-1 triggering on T-FH cells. These results demonstrate a role for T-FH cell impairment in HIV pathogenesis and suggest that enhancing their function could have a major impact on the outcome and control of HIV infection, preventing future infections and improving immune responses to vaccinations.
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